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Surgery Plastic Surgery General Information Facial surgery / Face Lift
Facial surgery / Face Lift This cosmetic surgery is done to improve the appearance of the facial skin and to reduce the display of aging. This procedure is recommended to correct turkey gobbler neck, to remove loose facial skin, or to reduce facial lines (or wrinkles) as the facial skin ages. During this surgery an incision is made in the skin from the temple (near the hair line) to the front of the ear, around the earlobe and then behind the ear toward the scalp. The skin is then separated from the muscle and fat and is stretched upward or toward the forehead, and backward toward the ear and the scalp. Some of the excess skin is removed during this procedure, and if needed some of the fat is removed under the chin. If needed the underlying muscles are tightened. This procedure is done under either local or general anesthetic, and is most often performed on the outpatient basis. Since there is skin removal, scars are inevitable. But the whole procedure is designed to leave concealed scars. They are hidden behind the ear in the scalp. In some patients scars may become more prominent or thick due to excess collagen formation, and will therefore require additional treatment. Nose Surgery ( Rhinoplasty ) This surgery, during which the nose structure is reshaped, is not only done for purely cosmetic reasons. This procedure is recommended when the structure of the nose obstructs the nasal passages and thus impinges the breathing. Birth defects or facial injury with resulting nose fracture are also a major reason for correction. This surgery is performed by incisions being made inside the nostrils, and the bone or cartilage is removed through this incision. Since the incisions are made inside the nostrils, the scars are not visible, and since the area inside the nose is quite vascular very little scar is built. Swelling is the most common side effect of this operation. Although there is bruising and swelling around the eyes, the more severe swelling is of the nose and may take several months to resolve. This procedure is done under either local or general anesthesia depending on the complexity of the operation. It may take 3-6 months before the patient makes a complete recovery. Eye Lid Surgery ( Blepharoplasty ) This procedure is often used in conjunction with the face lift. The extra skin is removed from the upper eye lid, and fat bags from the upper or lower eye lids. This procedure will help with the wrinkles which are present around the eyes and is used to change the aging of the skin. For this surgery the incision is made along the natural lines, and the skin and fat are removed followed by closing the incision. Since there is skin removal, scars are going to be present. The side effects are bruising and swelling around the eyes. This may last up to 3-4 weeks. Some patients also experience blurred vision. Tummy Tucks ( Abdominoplasty ) This cosmetic surgery is performed in order to remove extra skin and fat from the abdomen (lower region) and to tighten the abdominal muscles. This procedure is not recommended as a weight reduction, but rather as an improvement of the abdominal appearance after the weight loss program. When the patient's skin is loose after dramatic weight loss, or when there is fat remaining in the lower abdominal region which does not respond to good diet and exercise this procedure is highly recommended. Another common reason for this procedure is to tighten the abdominal muscles and it is mostly done for women after a pregnancy when a regular exercise of the lower abdomen does not accomplish the desired effects. During this procedure the skin is taken from a lower abdominal region in a bikini cut, and the stomach is reshaped to a desired form. Since the skin is being pulled downward during this surgery, it results in the lowering of the navel (which can be repositioned during the surgery). This procedure is most often done under general anesthesia, and the patient may be hospitalized for a couple of days. Since this procedure requires removal of the skin, there will be a scar. There might be loss of sensation in the area of the scar, and a general feeling of tightness in the lower abdomen. There might be edema present in the area of surgery, and a supporting girdle is recommended to reduce the swelling and to help to contour the abdomen. The standard recovery time is four to eight weeks, but there might be a longer time required before the scar area feels normal. Breast Reconstruction - General Information Whether you decide to have breast reconstruction depends on your own individual case, medical condition, general health, lifestyle, emotional state, and breast size and shape. You may consider consulting your family, friends, and support groups to help you in making this decision. If you are considering breast reconstruction and do not have a plastic surgeon, use a doctor finder for the names of experienced, board certified plastic surgeons in your area. Your general surgeon, plastic surgeon, and oncologist should work together to plan your reconstruction procedure to give you the best possible result. Breast Augmentation or Implants Breast implants may either be natural tissue or synthetic breast implants like silicone breast implants. As to which type of breast implants will be determined by the cost, your budget, and the risks associated with particular types of breast implants. The use of body tissue as breast implants is rarely an appropriate solution for breast implants surgery carried out for cosmetic reasons. While it is possible to move areas of body tissue to be used as breast implants, this is a complicated operation which is seldom used for purely cosmetic purposes. Injection of fat does not result in a satisfactory increase in breast volume. These fatty breast implants (injections) are soon reabsorbed by the body. Body tissue breast implants are, however, commonly used in breast reconstruction. Silicone breast implants are surrounded by a firm elastic (elastomer) silicone shell. The surface of silicone breast implants may be smooth or textured. There are two types of silicone breast implants :silicone gel ( both semi- liquid and cohesive), & saline. Ensure that you obtain full information about the different types of silicone breast implants when you discuss your particular situation with the surgeon. Manufacturers also provide information about their breast implants which can be obtained from your surgeon. Medical experts consider saline breast implants the safest kind of silicone breast implants, since saline is generally harmless and can be safely absorbed by the body when the silicone breast implants rupture. If excessive bleeding continues, another breast operation may be needed to control the bleeding and remove the accumulated blood. The method of inserting and positioning your implant will depend on your anatomy and your surgeon's recommendation. The incision in breast augmentation surgery can be made either in the crease where the breast meets the chest, around the areola (the dark skin surrounding the nipple), or in the armpit. Every effort will be made to assure that the incision is placed so resulting scars will be as inconspicuous as possible. Working through the incision, the surgeon will lift your breast tissue and skin to create a pocket, either directly behind the breast tissue or underneath your chest wall muscle (the pectoral muscle). The implants are then centered beneath your nipples. Be sure to study all risk associated with breast augmentation before completing procedures. Excessive bleeding following the breast augmentation operation may cause some swelling and pain. Breast contact is fine once your breasts are no longer sore, usually three to four weeks after surgery. Breast Reduction ( reduction mammoplasty ) Breast Reduction, or reduction mammoplasty, is the surgery to reduce the weight, mass and otherwise size of the breasts for whatever reason. It is designed to alter the size of the breasts to better the life of the patient. When one has very large breasts it is difficult to exercise, play sports, swim, fit into clothing, or otherwise stand up straight without pain. You must have good elasticity so that your skin is able to bounce back to its former tightness. Although, if it is a larger area, excess skin removal will be necessary. Discuss your goals with your surgeon so that you may reach an understanding with what can realistically be achieved. There are several methods or techniques and these are highly dependent upon your needs as a patient and the surgeon's preference or training. Some surgeons will use a pedicle, or pedicle flap, to decrease your chances of nipple loss. After the predetermined incisions are made the excess skin is removed from the breast. The skin underneath the breast (the incision line) is drawn together and sutured, lifting the breast to a new higher position. The areolae and nipples are "removed" (if applicable) to reposition at a higher placement for the rejuvenated breast. The sutures will remain in a "anchor" fashion and around the areolae until about 10 days, depending upon the heaviness of the breast and if implants were utilized for augmentation. Mastectomy Not everyone with breast cancer will have the
same type of mastectomy procedure. To perform a simple mastectomy, a surgeon makes an incision along the perimeter of the breast (closest to the tumor area), leaving most of the skin intact. Typically, the nipple is not removed during simple mastectomy, although milk ducts leading to the nipple are cut. The underlying tissue is gently cut free and removed. Often a plastic or rubber drainage tube is inserted in the affected area. The skin is carefully closed with stitches or clips, which are usually removed within a week, and a dressing (bandage) normally covers the site. Mastectomy with auxiliary (armpit) lymph node dissection usually lasts between 2-3 hours. Immediate breast reconstruction will increase the duration of surgery. The drainage tube placed in the breast or under the arm removes blood and lymph node fluid accumulated during the healing process. Drainage tubes are usually removed within two weeks, when the drainage is reduced to less than 30 ccs (1 fluid oz) per day. After mastectomy, patients generally spend two to three days in the hospital, although some may stay up to eight days. Most modified radical mastectomy patients spend an average of three days at the hospital, and those who have breast reconstruction in addition to mastectomy may spend three to six days, depending on the body’s rate of healing. Major soreness from mastectomy usually lasts two to three days, although many mastectomy patients do not experience soreness after surgery. A linear scar at the mastectomy site is probable. Many patients do experience a pulling sensation near or under their arm after mastectomy. Possible effects of mastectomy include: Wound infection Liposuction Liposuction (LYE-po-suk-shun) is the surgical removal of excess fat from areas that are often resistant to diet and exercise. This technique is used to remove unwanted fat deposits from specific areas of the body such as the chin, arms, thighs, neck, abdomen, buttocks and hips. At the beginning of your
procedure, the surgeon will make a small incision. This incision
will be just large enough to insert a hollow type called a
cannula (kan-u'-la). The cannula is attached at the opposite
end to a machine that creates a very strong vacuum. The surgeon
then manipulates the cannula to loosen and remove the fat
deposits and fluids. Fluids are replaced intravenously throughout
the duration of the procedure. Variations to the traditional
liposuction procedure have been developed in order to increase
patient safety and comfort and to enhance the quality of surgical
results. There is not one ‘best’ technique; rather, different
techniques are better suited to different patients, depending
on their desired treatment areas, body composition, and general
anatomy. Following is a brief description of some of the most
popular liposuction techniques: The procedure can be
done in a surgeon's office, an outpatient surgery facility,
or an accredited hospital. Sedation is mild and not much pain
is endured during procedure. You may expect bruising, numbness,
discomfort, Fluid Collections beneath the skin (seroma), Skin
Breakdown, & Swelling. Effects
of Plastic Surgery How massage benefits plastic surgery Helps to soften or loosen area Post
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